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Hosting & Infrastructure

DNS

The Domain Name System translates readable domain names into technical addresses and routes services such as web and email.

The Domain Name System translates readable domain names into technical addresses and routes services such as web and email. A robust setup considers availability, security, scalability, observability, and a tested recovery path. The concept is closely related to Domain and Cutover.

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FAQ

DNS

Which DNS records matter most for websites?
Websites mainly rely on A and AAAA records, which point to IPv4 and IPv6 addresses; a CNAME sets an alias, MX records control email delivery, and TXT records serve verification and email authentication such as SPF and DKIM. Errors in MX or TXT often affect email rather than the website, and therefore go unnoticed for a while.
Why does a DNS change sometimes take so long?
Because resolvers, providers, and browsers cache old answers until their TTL expires. Not all users therefore see the change at the same time. This behavior is often called propagation, although nothing is being distributed: caches in different places simply expire at different times.
What does TTL mean for DNS records?
TTL states in seconds how long resolvers may cache an answer. A low TTL speeds up changes, for example before a migration, but increases the number of lookups. A high TTL relieves the name servers but delays corrections. Ahead of planned switches, it is usually lowered in advance.
What happens behind the scenes during a DNS lookup?
A resolver queries the hierarchy step by step: root servers, the top-level domain servers, and finally the domain's authoritative name server. The answer contains the requested address and is cached for the duration of the TTL. That keeps repeated lookups fast, but changes do not take effect immediately.